The most international kind of insolvency
There is arguably no line of business in which insolvencies are as international as in shipping. By their nature, ships are destined to be mobile and travel the seven seas. At the same time, ships are fictionally immobilised in the country of registration, often in an offshore open registry with faint connections to the shipowner’s country of origin, but with a favourable fiscal and regulatory regime. The choice of this registry is often pushed by ship financiers, who hold strong bargaining powers against the shipowner and enable the building and purchase of ships.
For its operation, shipowners typically resort to charterers, who sometimes may decide to register the ship in yet another country. Seafarers, the most vital links to the daily operation of the ship, are often recruited through shipping agencies in low-wages countries overseas. Along its voyages, the ship can be the object of various commercial and operational dealings in the different countries in which it calls port, e.g. with cargo interests, service providers and suppliers active in the port, pilotage and towage services, and shipyards. In addition, the ship can be faced with more inadvertent creditors, such as salvors, general average contributors, and creditors in tort following a collision or another maritime casualty.
When the shipowner becomes insolvent, all these sundry interests from different parts of the world suddenly face each other off. Against this highly international background, it is somewhat ironic that the administration of insolvencies of shipping companies or maritime insolvencies has proven to be challenging under existing cross-border insolvency instruments, such as the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (MLCBI) and the European Insolvency Regulation, recast (EIR). Given the pivotal role of shipping to global trade, the resulting chaos to the world economy can be enormous, as was illustrated most strikingly in the insolvency of the South Korean container shipping giant, Hanjin Shipping, now about ten years ago.
Corporate Finance Lab 